Are you familiar with a dice? If you are not a game person, a dice has 6 faces with dots of various numbers. We roll a dice and we see which face comes at the top so that we can move our position according to the number of dots on that face. There are many games that we play with dice.
Basic Implementation of Dice rolling
Which persons did you meet today? Yesterday? Day before yesterday? You don't meet the same people everyday, right? So we can say that you meet random people everyday. Random means which is not in a specific order. When you are shuffling cards, you are not doing it to arrange the cards in a specific order. So you are setting the cards in a random order.
When you roll a dice you don't know which side is going to come up. So which side will be up is random. We have a function for randomizing in Free Pascal (or Lazarus). The function is named, well, Random(). But we have to run a Randomize function in order to "Initialize random number generator". We had another post about random numbers: How to Generate Random Number (with/without a range)
Just try this little console program before the real deal. Create a Program Project (Project-> New Project-> Program-> OK). Now enter the following code replacing the existing code:
program dice_roll_lazplanet;
{$mode objfpc}{$H+}
uses
{$IFDEF UNIX}{$IFDEF UseCThreads}
cthreads,
{$ENDIF}{$ENDIF}
Classes
{ you can add units after this };
var
inp: string = '';
begin
WriteLn('Dice rolling program');
WriteLn('Please keep pressing ENTER if you want to roll the dice.');
WriteLn('Please enter q to end this program.');
Randomize;
while (inp <> 'q') do begin
ReadLn(inp);
WriteLn();
WriteLn('We have rolled the virtual dice in computer memory.');
WriteLn('The result is: ', (Random(6)+1) );
end;
end.
Now Run it (F9 or Run-> Run).
Keep pressing enter to get a random dots result. Enter q to exit the program.
Explanation
The focus line in the above code is:
WriteLn('The result is: ', (Random(6)+1) );
Random(6) generates a random number from 0 to (6-1) 5. We add 1 to create our virtual dice. So 0 becomes 1 and 5 becomes 6, and all the numbers between increase to make sense.
If you are interested, you can see the reference for Random and Randomize routines.
Quick Tutorial
Create a new Application Project (Project-> New Project-> Application-> OK).
Create 2 TImage, 1 TButton and a TImageList. We are going to show our random dice in the two TImages. Position them according to your desire and set Caption of the TButton.
Now download the sample code zip file mentioned below to get the dice images. The images are not necessary for the sample code to run (because they are in a TImageList and the images in a TImageList is embedded in the project automatically when you save the project). I have just included them for you, so that you can use them in this tutorial. But if you are good with Gimp or Photoshop, you can create 100 by 100 pixel images of the dice faces.
Remember to set the width and height of the TImages to 100 (or the dimension you like).
Now right click the ImageList1 component in the Form designer and click ImageList Editor.
Now in the ImageList Editor dialog select the images one after another in an increasing order (from 1-dot image through 6-dot image).
Make sure the index is right. It should be 1 less than the dots of the image. Refer to the above image if you are in confusion. Click it to see a larger version of the screenshot.
When you are done, click OK.
Now double click the TButton and enter the following code:
procedure TForm1.btnRollClick(Sender: TObject);
var
bmp: TBitmap;
rand1, rand2: Integer;
begin
// get the random number for dice
Randomize;
rand1 := Random(6);
bmp := TBitmap.Create;
try
ImageList1.GetBitmap(rand1, bmp);
Image1.Picture.Assign(bmp);
finally
bmp.Free;
end;
// now to second dice
rand2 := Random(6);
bmp := TBitmap.Create;
try
ImageList1.GetBitmap(rand2, bmp);
Image2.Picture.Assign(bmp);
finally
bmp.Free;
end;
end;
Now run the Project (F9 or Run-> Run).
Click the button to see the random dice face you have been waiting for.
Explanation
rand1 := Random(6);
The code returns a random number between 0 and 5. We use this number to catch our dice image from the Imagelist.
ImageList1.GetBitmap(rand1, bmp);
We use the TImageList's GetBitmap with index value set as rand1 and the bitmap being copied to bmp variable. bmp is our temporary variable to store the dice face image.
Image1.Picture.Assign(bmp);
......
bmp.Free;
Finally we set the bmp as the TImage's Picture. We free the image afterwards to prevent memory leak. That's so easy, right? Now the second image is similar
rand2 := Random(6);
We get a random number. We set the image with the random number as index.
bmp := TBitmap.Create;
try
ImageList1.GetBitmap(rand2, bmp);
Image2.Picture.Assign(bmp);
finally
bmp.Free;
end;
Download Sample Code ZIP
You can download an example source code from here: http://db.tt/tIoPETn4Or here: http://bit.ly/ZHUDq1
Size: 584 KB
The package includes compiled executable EXE.
Image: alegriphotos.com, istockphoto.com
